10.16 Maintaining Healthy Indoor Air Quality 维持健康的室内空气质量

Maintaining Healthy Indoor Air Quality 维持健康的室内空气质量

Green Building Strategies 绿色建筑策略

• Routine, proactive maintenance of HVAC systems, including changing air filters regularly. Over time, filters become less effective as they trap particles. Therefore, project teams need to have processes in place to change filters regularly and to increase that frequency during major events that could impact IAQ, such as when pollen or smog levels are high, or during interior renovations that could kick up dust.
• Testing IAQ at a specific time (known as point-in-time testing), especially before occupants move in or return to a project after construction, renovations, or remodeling. Point-in-time testing can also be done in response to occupant reports of odd smells or unexplained symptoms.
• Continuous indoor air monitoring, which is a way to automatically measure levels of indoor air pollutants frequently (often multiple times per hour) over a longer span of time. Equipment often measures CO and CO?, but other substances can also be monitored, including particulates, total VOCs, or a specific VOC like formaldehyde (HCHO). Project teams install sensors throughout the space and use the data they provide to better understand the space's IAQ and to identify and remediate sources of poor air quality.

• 对暖通空调（HVAC）系统进行主动定期维护，包括定期更换空气过滤器。随着使用时间增加，过滤器因截留颗粒物而效率下降，因此项目团队需建立定期更换流程，并在花粉 / 雾霾高发期、室内翻新（易扬起灰尘）等特殊时段提高更换频率。
• 时点测试（Point-in-time testing）：在特定时间检测 IAQ，尤其是在使用者入住前，或施工 / 翻新后重返建筑前。当使用者报告异常气味或不明症状时，也可进行时点测试排查问题。
• 室内空气持续监测：长时间内自动高频（通常每小时多次）测量室内空气污染物水平。监测设备通常测量 CO 和 CO?，也可监测颗粒物、总挥发性有机物（TVOCs）或甲醛（HCHO）等特定污染物。项目团队通过在空间内布置传感器，利用数据了解 IAQ 状况，并识别、治理污染源。

图示说明：持续监测数据可帮助发现清洁流程中的 VOCs 峰值；更换低危害化学品后，可通过数据确认 VOCs 水平已降至低位。