Optimizing Air Quality and Energy Use 优化空气质量与能源利用
The systems that provide the mechanical ventilation and filtration required to provide healthy IAQ are often complex. These systems require a custom design optimized for occupant well-being, energy performance, maintainability, and ongoing expenses. This can require balancing IAQ and energy performance.
为保障健康室内空气质量（IAQ），机械通风与过滤系统的设计往往较为复杂，需兼顾使用者健康、能源效率、可维护性与运营成本，实现 IAQ 与能耗的平衡。
Green Building Strategies 绿色建筑策略
Green buildings implement strategies that optimize both air quality and energy usage by using a systems-based, integrated approach to identify solutions. Strategies include:
- Recirculating air if its quality is still acceptable, since pulling in outdoor air uses fan energy and requires conditioning of the air. Therefore, commercial HVAC systems use a combination of outside air and recirculated indoor air, both of which are filtered.
- Using an energy-recovery system, which conditions the incoming air with the outgoing air, as discussed in Chapter 8: Energy and Atmosphere.
- Setting different ventilation levels based on the project's typical occupancy schedule, so that the system exchanges air only as often as necessary for occupants' health, safety, and well-being.
- Using demand-controlled ventilation, which automatically adjusts the airflow rate based on signals from air pollutant sensors or occupancy sensors. Most demand-controlled systems use indoor CO2 levels to trigger a higher or lower ventilation rate based on the number of occupants.
绿色建筑采用系统性集成方法，同时优化空气质量与能源利用，策略包括：
- 当室内空气质量仍达标时，循环利用室内空气（引入室外空气会消耗风机能耗并需进行温湿度调节），因此商业暖通空调系统通常采用室外新风 + 室内循环风的组合，且两者均需经过过滤。
- 采用能量回收系统，利用排风对新风进行预处理（详见第 8 章《能源与大气》）。
- 根据建筑典型使用时间表设置不同通风量，仅在保障使用者健康、安全与福祉的必要频率下进行空气交换。
- 采用按需控制通风（DCV），通过空气污染物传感器或占用传感器信号自动调节风量，多数系统以室内 CO2浓度为依据，根据人员数量调整通风速率。
图示说明：按需控制通风系统中，每个房间的 CO2传感器会根据人员数量控制通风速率。
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