Health Impacts 健康影响
Some ingredients (e.g., chemicals) in building materials are known to be hazardous to humans and other organisms. Depending on how they are used, these material components can increase health risks at different points in the life cycle of a product. Even when hazards are mostly absent from the final product, people and ecosystems along the way can be affected, such as those near mines or oil wells that supply raw materials, refineries that process those raw materials, or factories that make the products.
建筑材料中的部分成分（如化学物质）对人体和其他生物具有危害性。根据使用方式的不同，这些材料成分会在产品生命周期的不同阶段增加健康风险。即使最终产品中几乎不含有害物质，供应链沿线的人群与生态系统仍可能受到影响，例如原料供应矿山 / 油井周边、原料加工炼油厂附近，或产品生产工厂周边的环境与人群。
If hazardous chemicals are present in the built environment, humans can be exposed either by breathing in chemicals that can off-gas or through exposure to dust that has been contaminated with these chemicals.
若建成环境中存在有害化学物质，人体可能通过两种途径接触：吸入材料释放的挥发性气体，或接触被化学物质污染的粉尘。
Exposure routes 暴露途径
- Inhalation (Breathing chemicals that have off-gassed)
吸入（吸入材料释放的挥发性化学物质）
- Ingestion (Swallowing contaminated dust through hand-to-mouth contact)
摄入（经手口接触摄入受污染的粉尘）
- Absorption (Skin contact with contaminated dust)
皮肤吸收（皮肤接触受污染的粉尘）
However, the mere presence of a hazardous chemical does not automatically mean that people will be harmed. A small amount may not be harmful, or the likelihood of exposure may be minimal.
但有害化学物质的存在并不等同于必然造成伤害。低剂量可能不具备危害性，或人体接触的可能性极低。
Green Building Strategies 绿色建筑策略
Green building strategies seek to minimize human exposure to harmful material ingredients. Unfortunately, it is not always feasible to completely eliminate all ingredients that may be harmful. Some hazardous compounds are used to help ensure safe and reliable product performance. Building product manufacturers are increasingly working to find solutions that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances.
绿色建筑策略致力于减少人体对有害材料成分的接触。但完全消除所有潜在有害成分并不总是可行的 —— 部分有害化合物是保障产品安全可靠性能所必需的。建筑材料制造商正不断探索减少或消除有害物质的解决方案。
Strategies to minimize human exposure to harmful material ingredients include selecting products with:
- Limited or no hazardous substances in their supply chain
- Limited or no hazardous substances in the final product
- Disclosure of the presence of any hazardous ingredients
减少人体接触有害材料成分的策略，包括选用符合以下条件的产品：
- 供应链中有害物质含量有限或无
- 最终产品中有害物质含量有限或无
- 对所有有害成分的存在情况进行公开披露
Quality of life
Removing hazards from materials benefits people and communities along the supply chain by avoiding materials that have the potential to harm people who extract resources, manufacture or install products, or live near factory fence lines.
从材料中去除有害物质，可惠及供应链沿线的人群与社区，避免对资源开采者、产品生产 / 安装人员，以及工厂周边居民造成健康危害。
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