Emergency Contingencies 应急方案
Electrifying buildings increases reliance on the power grid. However, power outages do happen, often during emergencies, such as severe weather events. Without careful planning, this can leave a building vulnerable.
建筑电气化会提升对电网的依赖度。然而，停电事故时有发生，尤其在极端天气等紧急情况下。若缺乏周密规划，建筑将面临运行中断的风险。
Green Building Strategies 绿色建筑策略
Green buildings have contingency plans in case of grid disruptions. These plans are based on an assessment of hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks that consider whether there is a significant risk of grid failure.
绿色建筑需制定电网中断应急预案，预案需基于风险评估，综合考虑潜在危害、建筑脆弱性及电网失效风险。
Certain project types are required to have backup power sources. These include:
- Hospitals and other mission-critical facilities
- Projects designed to serve as a resilience hub for communities during an emergency
部分项目类型必须配备备用电源，包括：
- 医院及其他关键任务设施
- 规划为社区应急韧性中心的项目
Having a renewable source of backup power instead of generators that depend on a continuous supply of fossil fuels can be critical. Renewable and reliable backup power includes both a way to generate electricity and the means to control and manage its flow during a grid outage, especially if the project has the ability to contribute energy back to the grid. For on-site renewable power, these controls should include energy storage. This control is essential because sending electricity into an otherwise nonfunctioning grid is dangerous – especially if wires are down or workers are repairing infrastructure.
采用可再生能源作为备用电源，相比依赖持续供应化石燃料的发电机，具有关键优势。可靠的可再生备用电源需同时具备发电能力与电网中断时的电力管控能力（尤其是项目具备向电网回输电力的功能时）。对于现场可再生电源，管控系统需包含储能装置。这类控制至关重要，因为向已瘫痪的电网送电存在安全隐患，尤其是线路受损或工人正在维修基础设施时。
Projects can still take advantage of on-site energy sources when the grid is down, but they need to isolate their systems first. This is referred to as intentional islanding, which means separating one part of an electric grid (in this case, the project’s energy-generating system) from the main power network, making the project’s system its own disconnected grid. This allows the project to continue functioning safely and independently.
电网中断时，项目仍可利用现场能源，但需先将系统与电网隔离，即主动孤岛运行。该模式将项目发电系统与主电网断开，形成独立的局部电网，使建筑能安全、独立地持续运行。
Islanding 孤岛运行示意图
- 左侧：现场可再生能源系统（光伏、风机）→ 接入储能系统，再为建筑供电
- 右侧：主电网因故障中断，建筑系统与电网物理隔离，形成独立运行的孤岛系统
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